October daily academics

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE ACADEMICS ( OCTOBER 2022 )

October 1st : 
10 - 11 am : ICU rounds 
1)Cause for thrombocytopenia in 19/F 


Iron deficiency anemia can be associated with thrombocytopenia. It should be thought of after ruling out serious differential diagnosis like TTP; thrombocytopenia caused by IDA responds to iron replacement therapy, which can cause a transient drop in platelets initially.
( Quoted from below link )


 

2) USG findings of 65 /F whether it is renal abscess or complex renal cortical cysts



11 am - 1pm
Case 1 : 2018 batch Chandana ( UG ) 



Glucocorticoids in SLE : 

"The activation of the non-genomic pathway starts at doses >100 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent. This pathway is especially sensitive to methylprednisolone (MP) and dexamethasone, which have non-genomic effects up to five times more potent than genomic ones [8]. " 

"The “classical” standard 1 mg/kg/day prednisone dose is not supported by either basic pharmacology or clinical evidence (Figure 1) [19,20]. It is unlikely that anti-inflammatory effects increase significantly after prednisone doses have reached 30–40 mg/day, since such doses already result in a saturation of almost 100% of the genomic pathway [12,19]. Recent data suggest that higher initial doses of prednisone are associated with higher cumulative doses [21] with the well proven result of increasing damage accrual [1,22,23,24,25]. "

"The “Rituxilup” schedule, which consisted of rituximab and MP, followed by maintenance treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and no oral steroids, resulted in 72% of patients with LN class III, IV, or V eventually achieving complete remission within a median period of 36 weeks [32]. "
"In 2018, Danza et al. compared the efficacy and rates of infections among patients with several autoimmune conditions, including SLE, treated with MP pulses, for a total dose over three days ≤1500 mg, <1500 to ≤3000 mg and >3000 mg [19]. No differences among the different doses were seen in patients achieving complete response, partial response, or no response. No patients in the ≤1500 mg group suffered infections, vs. 9.1% in the high dose group. "

Y Muller 's muscle hyperactive 

Case 2 : 19/F with Anemia 

Iron absorption  and Dietary iron intake 

Attended 
PGY3 - Manasa
Interns ( attended ) : raveena, bhavani , Rishi, arooshi, pavan 

2-4pm 


Presentation link : https://youtu.be/SMkYhw2pB7Q

Faculty - Dr.Zain Sir (SR)

Topic - approach to altered sensorium 
PGY3
Dr. Manasa
Dr.Durga krishna
Dr.vinay
Dr.Vamsi
Dr. Pradeep
Dr.Sai charan
Dr.shailesh - Nephrology (M)
Dr.Sashikala - ICU ( M)
Dr.chandana - OPD
PGY1
Dr.Venkat sai 
Dr.pavan
Dr.keerthi
Dr.Hari priya
Dr.bharath - nephrology (N)
Dr.nishitha - ICU (N)
Dr.deepika - OPD

Interns - raveena , nikhil , arushi , amesha 

Oct -2 : Gandhi Jayanthi ( Holiday )

Oct 3 
Case presentation by shishira reddy in11to 1pm class 


Questions : 
Reason for persistent fever in this patient
despite of low wbc counts 
Hemoglobin reduction daily by 1gram without any blood loss 

PGY3 : Manasa, vamshi, charan  
PGY1 - Pavani 
Interns : shirisha , Shiva 
OPD : DK, Pradeep and Pavan 
ICU : Shashikala, Nishitha 
Nephrology : Shailesh, bharath  


2 to 4 session : 
 intern shradda presented the case 


Presentation link :https://youtu.be/Mh5ihnM3eV4

interns attended the class- Shradda and Shiva i
PGs who attended the class 
PGY3 :manasa,vamshi,vinay, chandana,
PGY1 : pavani, Keerthi,venkat sai 
Emergency duty : Nishitha, Shashikala ( ICU ) 
Nephro : Shailesh , Bharath
OPD : Pradeep, DK, Pavan 

Oct -4 : Amith ( intern ) Presentation 

Case report  


2 pm to 4 pm: Mortality Meet



Cause for respiratory acidosis : 







Attended 
PGY3 : Manasa, vamshi, dk, Chandana, Raveen 
PGY1 : Keerthi, Pavani, Haripriya 
Emergency :PGY3 - shashikala, Shailesh,
 PGY1 -Bharath, Nishitha 
OPD : Deepika ( PGY1 ), charan (PGY3 ) 

OCTOBER -5 : Dasara 

Online discussion  



Discussion whether IC bleed is because of setroid or ITP or despite of using steroid 



Platelets in ITP patients exist in an activated state. In patients who are responsive to steroids, the treatment reverses this situation. 




OCTOBER -6 :

Case presentation by Manisha ( ug ) 

 65year old male patient with necrotising fascitis  

Case report :

Pgs who attended 11to 1 session
 Dr manasa(PGY3 ) , Dr pavani (PGY1)
Intern : Shiva 
Emergency :PGY3 - shashikala, Shailesh
 PGY1 -Bharath, Nishitha 
OPD : Deepika ( PGY1 ), charan (PGY3 ) 

Topics covered (with NMC codes)
IM 1 : heart failure 
 IM 4: fever 
IM 24 :Geriatric
IM 26 :Role of physician in community 

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BULLOUS LESION

The identification of Dsg3 as a major antigenic target represented a critical moment in the process of understanding PV and, after its discovery, the prevailing view of disease immediately narrowed. For the next decade, the design and interpretation of almost all experiments were informed by an underlying assumption that anti-Dsg autoAb were the sole drivers of disease in pemphigus, ignoring the potential role of other, non-Dsg autoAbs. Although the importance of anti-Dsg3 autoAb is clear, this limited view may have slowed the progression of understanding the true complexity of disease. The impact of how this desmoglein-centric view fundamentally influenced the way researchers understood PV is epitomized by the development of the desmoglein compensation hypothesis. This elegant hypothesis asserts that anti-Dsg3 and anti-Dsg1 autoAb profiles can predict which epithelial surface(s) will be affected, as well at what level the loss of cell-cell adhesion will occur in the epidermis (24). The foundation of this hypothesis are the differential expression patterns of Dsg3 and Dsg1 between mucosal and cutaneous epidermis, and the idea that Dsg3 or Dsg1 alone can sustain cell-cell adhesion. In a series of experiments Mahoney et al. demonstrated that: (1) murine mucosal tissue expresses Dsg3 throughout the entire epidermis, with strongest expression in the superficial layers, while Dsg1 expression is highest in the superficial layers and very low in the deeper layers, and (2) murine cutaneous epidermal tissue expresses Dsg3 most highly in the basal layer with lower expression seen in the more superficial layers, whereas Dsg1 expression is high in superficial epidermis and decreased in the deeper layers. The tissue specific expression patterns of Dsg3 and 1 in mice are similar to that of human epidermis, with the exception that Dsg1 expression in human mucosal epidermis is very low (25–27). 




2 pm to 4 pm 

Faculty : Dr .Nikitha Mam ( SR ) 

Tutorial : Examination of Respiratory System and CNS 

NMC CODES
IM 3.5 : Respiratory System examination 
IM 18.5 : CNS examination 
Case report : 


Presentation link : https://youtu.be/67L1fc1Y5LM

PG 's attended :
PGY3 : Manasa, Raveen, Charan, DK, Pradeep , Chandana 
PGY1 : Deepika, Pavani, Keerthi 


OCTOBER 7

11am - 1pm : UG class for 8th and 5 th semester students 

 case presentation Shashi Kiran (8th semister)  


Presentation link :





NMC topics covered :
IM 3 - Pneumonia 
IM 3.5 : Respiratory System examination 
IM 4 - Fever 
IM 22 - Fluid , Mineral and acid base disorder

Questions discussed 
1) Cause of fever and collapse 

Collapse secondary to congenital anamoly, post surgery ? Diaphragmatic hernia ? Low lung lobe removal ? Post TB sequalae ? Post surgery atelectasis 

2)tracheal position finding
3)Metabolic encephalopathy and common disorders or causes of this condition
4) chronic bronchitis and emphysema 
5) ABG analysis 


Case presentation by vanshika ( 5th semester )  


USG OF LEFT KIDNEY OF ABOVE CASE 


NMC code IM 11 - Diabetes 
IM 11.7 - Approach to diabetes
Questions discussed :

Localisation of pain abdomen causes may be diabetic ketoacidosis with pancreatitis 
Approache to patient with fever localisation clinically 

UG's attendance  



Pgs attended the session
PGY3 :  Manasa,saicharan,
PGY1 Pavani,pavan,
 INTERNS:  Vishal ,shrija,pavan 

2 pm -4pm : 
Faculty : Dr Adithya sir ( SR 2 ) 

Group Discussion : Examination and Investigations of ascities

Case report
 1st




Presentation link  

NMC CODE - IM 5 - LIVER DISEASE 

IM 5.6 - Ascites

Attendance :
PGY1 : Deepika, pavani, pavan ,keerthi
All PGY3 : Exam 
OPD : Haripriya 
ICU : Venkat sai 
Nephrology : Bharath, Shailesh 

Oct - 8 th 

1 st case presentation : Prakash (8th sem )


 Case report : 





2nd case : Varshitha ( 5th sem ) 47/M with sepsis and MODS 


NMC Codes : 
 IM 10 - Diabetes 
IM 11- AKI, 
1M 14 -OBESITY 
IM 5 - Liver disease   

UG attendance  


Attended class
PGY3 - Manasa 
PGY 1 - Pavani 
Interns : sreeja , vishal  

12 - 1pm : Renal biopsy in 47 /F 



2 pm - 4pm : 

Faculty : Dr. Zain sir ( SR )

Case report :

Presentation link : 


NMC Codes : 
 IM 10 - Diabetes 
IM 11- AKI, 
1M 14 -OBESITY 
IM 5 - Liver disease  
PG 's attended 
PGY 3 : Manasa, Vinay , dk , Pradeep 
PGY 1 : Pavani, Pavan, Deepika 

October 10 : 
10 am - 12 pm : ICU rounds  
Discussion on urinary spot sodium and 24 hours sodium , how to differentiate pre renal AKI from AKI  to resolve the discrepancy through the lab values

For a one-time urine sample, the normal urine sodium value is around 20 mEq/L. For the 24-hour urine test, the norm ranges from 40 to 220 mEq/L per day



12 pm -1 pm : Case presentation by chandana ( 3 rd sem ) 

Case report
  

Presentation link 

2pm -4pm  

Faculty : Dr. Nikitha Mam ( SR )


Presentation link https://youtu.be/Cdb5kmDDs-w 

NMC CODES 
IM - 5 : Liver disease 

Attended  
PGY3 : Manasa, Vamshi 
PGY1 : Pavani, haripriya, keerthi 

October 11

ICU bed 1 : 

1) Cause for right upper lobe collapse 

    Fungal ball present in right upper lobe - On HRCT chest  

2 ) Cause for AKI ? 
3 ) Physiology of non oliguric AKI to Oliguric AKI 


ICU BED NO-2

Questions:-
1)Reason for severe PAH
2)Is there might be any underlying connective tissue disorder
3)Reason for severe anemia(Hb-1.5) & thrombocytopenia 
4)Is blood transfusion indicated??

ICU BED NO-4

Questions:-
1)Should we get CECT abdomen for arogyashree purpose/Is it really indicated??

ICU BED NO-5
13F - DKA(due to skipped insulin) with TYPE-1 DM 

AMC 


1. Skin involvement - No active but history of photosensitive rash +

2. Oral or nasal ulcers - Negative

3. Nonscarring alopecia - +

4. Serositis - Yes and active pericardial effusion 

5. Synovitis - ? Reports history of PIP joint pains. No active inflammation

6. Renal - Nephritic syndrome (number 11 somewhere here )

7. Neurological - None / Subtle cognitive defects (not taking as involved)

Hematological - 8. Anemia + 
9. No Thrombocytopenia
10. No Leukopenia  

Cr and urea trends after giving the pulse therapy of Inj methylprednisolone 500mg iv /OD for 3 days in 47/F ( case report link is above )


A paper on Clinico pathological correlation between kidney biopsy findings and renal course of those patients. 

Patient 17, although much younger - had a 35 month duration of renal disease and her creatinine was 7.19 mg/dl (converted from micromol) at presentation and although she did require RRT she eventually made a full recovery. With her last follow up creatinine at 0.8 and no proteinuria. 

This patient was treated with 2g MP and MMF too.



Clinical complexity of patients :

https://1drv.ms/w/s!Av7DWVJIXT3agRQSf9Zj0BRk6ChO 

11 am - 1pm  

Case 2 : Presenter -Manisha ( 8th sem ) 


Presentation link : https://youtu.be/Wenz2E9GS-I   

Case -3 : 


Presentation link : https://youtu.be/7btI-ciVjZw



Attended 
PGY3 : Manasa , Raveen 
PGY1 : Pavani 



2pm- 4pm 

Morbity meet : 
Oct 12 th 

11 am - 1pm 

Case 1 : Case presentation by  
Case report 
Presentation link 

Case 2 : Case presentation by  
Case report 
Presentation link  

PGY3 : Manasa 
PGY1 : Pavani 
Interns : Siddhanth, Murali , Laharika

2 pm - 4pm 
Guest lecture  



Oct 13 th 

9 am to 10 am :   
Meet in mini auditorium by Hospital adminstration 

Topic : Accreditation of hospitals 

11 am -1pm 
Case 1 : Presentation by hruday ( 8th sem ) 

Case report 

Case 2 : Presentation by Niharika ( 8 th sem ) 

PGY3 : Manasa 
Interns : laharika , siddhanth, srujini , Swetha, Sahithi , Neha 

2pm - 4pm 
Faculty : Dr . Nikitha Mam ( SR )
Approach to weakness
 
Attended 
PGY1 : Haripriya , Manasa


OCT 15 : 
 11am to 1 pm
Case discussion on
1)urinary incontinence , 
2)Micro and macro albuminuria
3)Liver abscess cases 

NMC CODES 
IM - 5 : Liver disease
IM - 10   : AKI and CKD

2 pm to 4pm :
Faculty : Dr. Zain sir ( SR )
Case 1 : Z+ with diarrhea 


Case 2 :  involuntary movements(? Myoclonic jerks )


Presentation link : https://youtu.be/CagskGbsAgY
NMC CODES 
IM 6 - HIV
IM 16 - Diarrhoeal disorder 
IM 19 - Movement disorder 

OCT 16 - Sunday 

OCT 17 th 

11 am to 1pm



Case 2 : Presentation by siddhanth ( Intern ) htt

Case 3 : 

Case 4 : 

Attended
PGY3 : Manasa, Raveen 
Interns : Sahithi, Shivani, siddhanth , Neha , manogna 

2 pm - 4pm 
Case presentation by Manogna ( intern ) 


Presentation link : 

Attended 
PGY3 : Manasa, Vamshi , Chandana 
PGY1 : Haripriya 
Interns : Sahithi, Shivani, Manogna 
OPD : Dk, Vinay, Pavan 

 Oct - 18 : 

Case presentation by Charan ( PGY3 ) 
20 /F with acute flare up of SLE 
47 /F with  Lupus Nephritis 

Presentation link :https://youtu.be/LVlBdePjIMs

PGY3 : Manasa, Vamshi, pradeep, Charan, vinay, chandana 
PGY1 : haripriya, Pavan 
OPD : Deepika, Raveen 
Interns : Shivani, Neha, manogna , srujini

2pm - 4pm 
Mortality meet 


PG' s attended 
PGY3: Manasa, Vamshi , chandana, vinay 
PGY1 : Pavan , Keerthi 

OCT -19 : 
11 to 1pm 
1) Discussion on SLE and APLA 
2) Discussion on Metabolic syndrome  and NAFLD 
3 ) Discussion on LBA 
4 )Lupus Nephritis v/s Diabetic nephropathy 

Attended 
PGY3 : Manasa, chandana, vamshi, Viany 
PGY1 : Keerthi, Pavan, Deepika

2 pm -4pm 
Integrated Meet on Haemorrhage and shock 
PG's Attended
PGY3 : Manasa , Chandana
PGY1 : Keerthi 

Oct 20 : 
9 to 10 : Clinical meet presented by Dr Adithya sir ( SR2 ) and Charan ( PGY3)  


10pm to 12pm- ICU rounds 

12pm to 1pm 
Cause for peripheral cyanosis in a young boy  


PGY3 : Manasa 
PGY1 : Pavani , Pavan 
Interns : vineesha , Srujini , Rishitha 

2 - 4 pm
 Case presentation by Pavani ( PGY1 ) 
Approach to Pyrexia of unknown origin 


Presentation link 

Faculty : Dr Nikitha Mam ( SR ) 
Attended 
PGY3 : Manasa, Pradeep, Dk, Chandana 
PGY1 : Pavan, Pavani, Haripriya 
Interns : Vineesha , rishitha, gsrujini

OCT 21
 10 am - 12 pm : Icu rounds 
12 pm - 1pm 
RCT on OHA in DM2 


2pm - 4pm : Bimonthly examination for all PGY1 and PGY3 

OCT 22 :  

9am to 1pm : CME conducted by Microbiology department 

-->It's a great session on how to interpret the culture reports, appropiate use of antibiotics and how to choose the antibiotic and for how long and how to stop the overuse and prevent the resistance to antibiotics 


2pm - 4pm 

Faculty : Dr Zain sir ( SR ) 


Presentation link : https://youtu.be/9HfgaHwxRFQ 

Attended 
PGY3 : Manasa 
PGY1 : pavani, pavan, venkat sai, Deepika, Haripriya 
Interns : Vineesha, Aishwarya, Neha, Swetha, rishitha, divya

OCT 23 : Sunday 
OCT 24 : DIWALI 

OCT-25 

12 pm - 1pm



Overall, *361 T2DM patients* were selected from Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from March 2019 to January 2021.


*A bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) (Jawon Medical Co., Ltd., Korea) was applied to determine body composition, which is now recognized as a reproducible, convenient and noninvasive method for body composition evaluation*. 
In addition, previous studies have shown that BIA delivers comparable measurements and high accuracy compared with computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) when assessing fat mass and muscle mass [19, 20]. Hence, the following parameters were used: body fat mass, muscle mass, and body fat percentage. The fat-tomuscle ratio (FMR) was calculated as body fat mass (kg) divided by muscle mass (kg).


A total of 361 T2DM patients aged 56.8 ± 11.1 years were enrolled in the research, of which 59.0% (n = 213) were men and 41.0% (n = 148) were women. And the characteristics of participants by sex are summarized. Compared to males, significantly higher levels of fat mass and body fat percentage were observed in females, while the muscle mass was obviously lower (all p < 0.001). *The mean FMRs for males and females were 0.331 and 0.530, respectively (p < 0.001).*

2pm- 4pm 

Morbidity meet 



OCT 26 :  

10 am -12 pm : ICU rounds 
12pm - 1am 
Discussion about oral v/S iron therapy was done as we have a young female with IDA due to ? Blood loss .. as patient is also intolerance to oral medications review was done .. but according to the studies though IV iron has less GI side effects , it has more life threating complications like hypotension which is more dangerous 


RCT on oral v/s IV iron therapy 


After initiation of therapy, hemoglobin in oral iron group raised from 6.45 (0.72) to 8.84 (0.47) on day 14 and to 9.69 (0.47) on day 28. Hemoglobin in IV iron group increased from 6.34 (0.86) to 10.52 (0.61) on day 14 and to 11.66 (0.84) on day 28. Serum ferritin in oral iron group increased from 8.3 (1.9) to 33.8 (1.29) on day 14 and to 43.61 (8.8) on day 28. Serum ferritin in IV iron group raised from 8.23 (4.64) to 148.23 (11.86) on day 14 but decreased to 115.76 (15.3) on day 28. The data were statistically significant for IV iron therapy on day 14 and day 28. Of 100 patients, 18 patients (12 in oral and 6 in IV iron groups) had adverse effects 


2pm-4pm 
Integrated Meet 


OCT -27 
9am- 10 am : Clinical meet 

2pm -4pm 

Faculty : Dr Nikitha Mam ( SR )
Approach to ABG 
Thesis review of DK and Chandana 

Attended 
PGY3 : DK, Chandana 
PGY1 : Keerthi, Pavani , haripriya 
PGY3 :Manasa and shashikala are in thesis review with the committee 
OPD : Vamshi, Venkat sai 
Nephrology : Shailesh and Bharath 
ICU : Nishitha 

OCT 28 
2pm -4pm 

Faculty : Dr.Adithya sir ( SR2 ) 
Approch to laboratory reports 
Case Presentation by  Dr. Keerthi ( PGY1 ) 
Discussion by Dr . Durgakrishna ( PGY3 ) 

Presentation link https://youtu.be/JZdW4dJYFVs

Attended 
PGY3 : Manasa, DK 
PGY1 : Keerthi, kranthi, pavan ,venkat sai, pavani , Deepika
OPD : Vinay and Haripriya 
PGY3 :Chandana  and Pradeep are in thesis review with committee  

OCT 29 :

9 am -11 am : Online discussion 
Discussion on how to measure the MAC amd abdominal circumference measurements as most of the individual presentation here in our department has central obesity with sarcopenia ( decreased muscle mass )of biceps and triceps .. The measurements are taking here in all individuals to see the association between MAC/AC ratio with the presenting  complications  like CVA, MI , and Diabetes 



2 pm-4pm 

Faculty : Dr .Sushmitha Mam ( SR ) 

Presentation link : https://youtu.be/A-XLNRYqNT0

Attended 
PGY 3 : Manasa 
PGY1 : Pavani, Venkat sai, Deepika 

OCT 30 : Sunday 

OCT 31 : 

Discussion on long distance patient 
67 M Alleged history of sudden fall from bicycle 1 ½ year ago followed by gradually forgetting the recent things. History of left leg swelling gradually progressive pitting type associated with skin lesion over the body associated with itching. History of fall (The eveng explained by attenders as he had sudden onset of palpitations while he was in vegetable market .. he got scared and started walking fast to his way home, next day while walking on raod had h/of fall with hit to speed breaker ) followed by pain at the left hip with restricted movement. 

Normal standardization
Irregularly irregular rhythm
Rate : 80
Left axis deviation
RBBB morphology
Down sloping ST segment.
P wave not regularly seen.
Any history please 

Repeat ecg done after 2 hours 
P waves have appeared but it looks like the ventricles are still repolarizing and unable the p wave is unable to "capture" the ventricles. 

Therefore the subsequent broad complex QRS 
Planning for a 24 hour holter monitoring

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